Illocutionary Acts In The 1st 2023 Indonesian Presidential Candidate Debate By Prabowo Subianto: A Pragmatic Analysis
https://doi.org/10.30605/onoma.v10i4.3929
Keywords:
Illocutionary acts, Presidential Debate, Pragmatic Analysis, Political CommunicationAbstract
This study investigates the illocutionary acts used by Prabowo Subianto during the first 2023 Indonesian presidential candidate debate. By conducting a pragmatic analysis, the research identifies and categorizes the types, functions, and strategies of Prabowo's speech acts, offering a comprehensive understanding of his communication approach and rhetorical effectiveness. Utilizing a qualitative-descriptive method, the debate was transcribed and analyzed to uncover the various illocutionary acts.The results reveal that Prabowo frequently uses assertives, directives, commissives, and expressives, each serving functions such as competitive, convivial, collaborative, and conflictive purposes. . In total, there are 30 data collected from the data source. The collected data were then classified based on 10 assertives, 4 directives, 6 commissives, 5 expressives, and 5 declarations. This study underscores the importance of understanding pragmatic elements in political communication, illustrating how Prabowo's assertive and often provocative statements aim to persuade, inform, and engage the audience, thereby influencing voter perceptions and decision-making. Through this analysis, the research provides a deeper insight into the role of illocutionary acts in political discourse and their impact on electoral outcomes, highlighting Prabowo's adept use of language to achieve his communicative goals.
Downloads
References
Alavidze, M. (2018). Politeness in President Trump's Speeches. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Thoughts, 07(03), 119-126. From https://www.academia.edu/38166332/Politeness_in_President_Trumps_Speeches_pdf
Austin, J. L. (1962). How to Do Things with Words. Oxford University Press.
Bach, K. (1994). Conversational impliciture. Mind & Language, 9(2), 124-162. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0017.1994.tb00220.x
Bach, K., & Harnish, R. M. (1982). Linguistic Communication and Speech Acts. MIT Press.
Balogun, S., & Murana, M. O. (2018). Language In Political Discourse: A Pragmatic Study Of Presupposition And Politeness In The Inaugural Speech Of President Donald Trump. Bulletin of Advanced English Studies, 1(1), 64-76. From https://www.refaad.com/Files/BAES/BAES-1-1-6.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.31559/BAES2018.1.1.6
Biria, R., & Mohammadi, A. (2012). The socio pragmatic functions of inaugural speech: A critical discourse analysis approach. Journal of Pragmatics, 44(10), 1290-1302. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2012.05.013
Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some Universals in Language. Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511813085
Capone, A. (2010). Barack Obama's South Carolina speech. Journal of Pragmatics, 42(11), 2964-2977. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2010.06.011
Dzumillah, A. (2016). The illocutionary and perlocutionary act in The Reasonable Doubt, a movie directed by Peter Howitt. UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Garifullina, G. B., Khismatullina, L. G., Giniyatullina, A. Yu., Garaeva, M. R., & Gimadeeva, A. A. (2021). Inaugural Speech as a Tool of Forming Speech Portrait of the President. Linguistics and Culture Review, 5(S1), 413–421. doi.org/10.37028/lingcure.v5nS1.1429 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5nS1.1429
Hidayat, A. (2016). English Education: Jurnal Tadris Bahasa Inggris. Speech Acts: Force Behind Words.
Hinck, E. A., & Hinck, S. S. (2002). Politeness Strategies in the 1992 Vice Presidential and Presidential Debates. Argumentation and Advocacy, 38(4), 234-250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00028533.2002.11821570
Horn, L. R. (1984). Toward a New Taxonomy for Pragmatic Inference: Q-Based and R-Based Implicature. In D. Schiffrin (Ed.), Meaning, Form, and Use in Context: Linguistic Applications (pp. 11–42). Georgetown University Press.
Lee, P. A. (1989). Form and Function in Illocutionary Acts. Journal of English Linguistics, 2(22), 216-239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/007542428902200205
Leech, G. N. (1983). Principle of Pragmatics. Longman.
Mahsun, M. S. (2013). Metode penelitian bahasa: Tahapan, strategi, metode, dan tekniknya. Rajagrafindo Persada.
Mey, J. L. (1985). Whose Language? A Study in Linguistic Pragmatics. John Benjamins Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/pbcs.3
Moleong, L. J. (2010). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif. Remaja Rosda Karya.
Mufiah, N. S., & Rahman, M. Y. N. (2018). Speech Acts Analysis of Donald Trump’s speech. PROJECT: Professional Journal of English Education, 1(2), 125–132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22460/project.v1i2.p125-132
Muhid, A. (2024, April). JOLLT Journal of Languages and Language Teaching. Analyzing Speech Accommodation Model in 1st Debate of the 2024 Indonesian Presidential Candidates. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v12i2.10917
Mukhroji, M., Nurkamto, J., Subroto, H. D. E., & Tarjana, S. S. (2019). Pragmatic forces in the Speech Acts of EFL speakers at Kampung Inggris, Indonesia. Journal of Social Studies Education Research (JSSER), 10(1), 38–60.
Nurhayati, A. D., & Yuwartatik, Y. (2016). Illocutionary and perlocutionary acts on main characters dialogues in John Milne’s novel: The Black Cat. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 5(1), 1–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30957/ijoltl.v1i1.7
Pan, Y. (1995). Power behind Linguistic Behavior: Analysis of Politeness Phenomena in Chinese Official Settings. 14(4), 462–481. https://doi.org/doi-org.ezproxy.ugm.ac.id/10.1177/0261927X950144007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X950144007
Phuc, T. H., & Yen, T. N. (n.d.). LINGUISTIC MARKERS EXPRESSING POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN BRITISH AND AMERICAN POLITICAL SPEECHES: A CORPUS-BASED APPROACH. Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ-Đại học Đà Nẵng, 62-66. From https://jst-ud.vn/jst-ud/article/view/1397
Pufahl, I. (1986). How to Assign Work in an Office: A Comparison of Spoken and Written Directives in American English. Journal of Pragmatics, 10(6), 673-692. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(86)90146-3
Searle, J. R. (1969). Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139173438
Searle, J. R. (1979). Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts. Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511609213
Searle, J. R., & Vanderveken, D. (1985). Speech Acts and Illocutionary Logic. In Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science (Vol. 2, pp. 109-132). Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3167-X_5
Thomas, J. (1995). Meaning in Interaction: An Introduction to Pragmatics. Longman.
Usmonov, R. A. (2018). Political discourse in the language of culture: content and functions. Language. Philology. Culture., 8(4-5), 48-60. From publishing-vak.ru/file/archive-philology-2018-4/3-usmonov.pdf
Vanderveken, D. (1991). Meaning and Speech Acts: Volume 3: Formal Semantics of Execution. Cambridge University Press.
Watts, R. J. (2003). Politic behaviour and politeness in discourse. In Politeness (pp. 217-249). Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511615184.010
Wierzbicka, A. (1985). Different cultures, different languages, different speech acts: Polish vs. English. Journal of Pragmatics, 9(2), 145-178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(85)90023-2
Yule, G. (1985). The Study of Language (6th Edition ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Yule, G. (1996). Pragmatics. Oxford University Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
In submitting the manuscript to the journal, the authors certify that:
- They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
- That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
- That its publication has been approved by all the author(s) and by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
- They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
- They agree to the following license and copyright agreement.
License and Copyright Agreement
Authors who publish with Onoma Journal: Education, Languages??, and Literature agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.