Pengaruh Suhu Ruang Simpan dan Fungisida Mancozeb Terhadap Viabilitas Benih Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.)

Effect of Temperatures Storage and Fungiside Mancozeb To Physic Nut (Jatropha curcas L.) Seed Viability

Authors

  • Sri Nur Qadri Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare
  • Mayasari Yamin Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30605/perbal.v11i1.2276

Keywords:

indek vigor, suhu simpan, mancozeb 80%, viabilitas benih

Abstract

Rendahnya viabilitas benih merupakan masalah utama dalam budidaya tanaman jarak pagar, yang salah satu penyebabnya adalah kontaminasi cendawan pada saat penyimpanan.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian fungisida mancozeb 80% terhadap daya simpan benih jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat Malang, pada bulan Agustus 2021 sampai Juni 2022.  Perlakuan disusun secara faktorial dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (Factorial Randomized Block Design) diulang empat kali.  Perlakuan terdiri atas dua faktor, faktor pertama adalah suhu penyimpanan dengan tiga level suhu yaitu (1) 23oC, (2) 18oC, dan 3) 3oC. Faktor kedua adalah fungisida mancozeb 80% dengan empat level dosis yaitu (1) 5 g/kg, (2) 10 g/kg, (3) 15 g/kg dan (4) tanpa fungisida (kontrol). Parameter yang diamati adalah : kadar air benih, daya berkecambah, panjang kecambah, panjang akar kecambah dan indeks vigor.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar air benih jarak pagar yang disimpan pada gudang bersuhu 3oC dan 18oC lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan yang disimpan pada gudang bersuhu 23oC. Daya berkecambah benih jarak pagar yang disimpan pada gudang bersuhu 3oC dan 18oC selama sembilan bulan masing-masing sebesar 86% dan 81% sehingga masih memenuhi standar mutu benih yang dapat diperdagangkan. Penyimpanan benih sampai sembilan bulan pada suhu 3oC dan 18oC, indeks vigornya lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan indeks vigor benih yang disimpan pada suhu 23oC.  Pemberian fungisida mancozeb 80% dosis 15g/kg menyebabkan indeks vigor benih lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan perlakuan dosis 10g/kg, 5g/kg dan tanpa fungisida.

Low seed viability is the main problem in the cultivation of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) which  usually caused by fungi during storage. The aims of this study was to determine the effect of fungiside mancozeb 80%  on phisic nut seeds viability during storage. The experiment was conducted at The Indonesian Sweeteners and Fiber Crops Research Institute Malang, from August 2012 to June 2013. Treatments were arranged in a Factorial Randomized Block Design with four times of replications. The main plots were three storage with different temperatures namely (1) 23oC, (2) 18oC, and 3) 3oC. As the subplot were fungicide mancozeb 80% with four different doses namely: (1) 5 g/kg, (2) 10 g/kg, (3) 15 g/kg and (4) without fungicide (control).  Seed moisture content of physic nut seeds were stored in storage 3oC and 18oC temperature was lower than that were stored in the storage 20oC temperature. Germination of physic nut seeds stored at 3oC and 18oC temperature for nine months were 86% and 81% respectively which still meet the quality of Seed Trading Standards. Up to nine months of storage, the seeds were stored at a temperature of 3°C and 18oC reached higher vigor index compared with the vigor index of seeds stored at a temperature of 23oC.   Fungiside mancozeb 80% dose 15g/kg led to decrease seed vigor index compared with dose 10g/kg, 5g/kg and without fungiside.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Budiarti, T., & Yulmiarti. (1997). Pengaruh dosis fungisida dan periode penyimpanan terhadap viabilitas benih kakao (Theobroma cacao L.). Indonesian Journal of Agronomy, 25 (3), 7–14. https://doi.org/10.24831/JAI.V25I3.1598.

Direktorat Tanaman Tahunan. (2013). Pedoman Budidaya Tanaman Jarak Pagar (1st ed.). Kementerian Pertanian.

Dirjen Perkebunan. (2005). Upaya Pengembangan Tanaman Jarak pagar (1st ed.).

Gairola, K. C., Nautiyal, A. R., & Dwivedi, K. (2011). Effect of temperatures and germination media on seed germination of Jatropha curcas Linn. Advances in Bioresearch, 2 (2), 66–71. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266287458_Effect_of_Temperatures_and_Germination_Media_on_Seed_Germination_of_Jatropha_Curcas_Linn.

Hamidin, E., Sumadi, S., & Nuraeni, A. (2009). Pengaruh konsentrasi fungisida mankozeb terhadap pertumbuhan tunas, busuk kering ubi dan susut bobot ubi bibit kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) c.v. granola di ruang penyimpanan. Agrikultura, 20 (3), 159–163. https://doi.org/10.24198/AGRIKULTURA.V20I3.945. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/agrikultura.v20i3.945

Hasnam. (2007). Status perbaikan dan penyediaan bahan tanaman jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) status teknologi tanaman jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.). Prosiding Lokakarya-II. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 7–16.

Islam, A. K. M. A., Anuar, N., & Yaakob, Z. (2009). Effect of genotypes and pre-sowing treatments on seed germination behavior of jatropha. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 8(6), 433–439. https://doi.org/10.3923/AJPS.2009.433.439 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2009.433.439

Jayaraman, P., NesaPriya, S., Parameshwari, S., Priya, S., Jawahar, N., & Babu, H. (2011). Occurrence of storage fungi in jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) seeds. African Journal of Microbiology Research. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR10.865.

Jingura, R. M., Musademba, D., & Matengaifa, R. (2011). An evaluation of utility of Jatropha curcas L. as a source of multiple energy carriers. International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, 2 (7), 115–122. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v2i7.63751. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v2i7.63751

Justice, O. L., Bass, L. N., & Roesli, R. (1990). Prinsip & Praktik Penyimpanan Benih / Oren L. Justice dan Louis N. Bass ; penerjemah Rennie Roesly | OPAC Perpustakaan Nasional RI. (1st ed., Vol. 1). CV. Rajawali. https://opac.perpusnas.go.id/DetailOpac.aspx?id=147940.

Laksono, K. D., Nasahi, C., & Susniahti, N. (2010). Inventarisasi penyakit pada tanaman jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) pada tiga daerah di Jawa Barat. Agrikultura, 21 (1), 31–38. https://doi.org/10.24198/agrikultura.v21i1.975. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/agrikultura.v21i1.975

Marcello, L., Nicla, C., Luca, G., & Maurizio, M. (2015). Effects of pre-sowing treatments on Jatropha curcas seed germination and seedling growth. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 10 (26), 2553–2561. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2015.9788. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2015.9788

Mazumdar, P., Borugadda, V. B., Goud, V. v., & Sahoo, L. (2013). Effect of storage parameters on stability of Jatropha-derived biodiesel. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 4(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/2251-6832-4-13/TABLES/1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2251-6832-4-13

Moncaleano-Escandon, J., Silva, B. C. F., Silva, S. R. S., Granja, J. A. A., Alves, M. C. J. L., & Pompelli, M. F. (2013). Germination responses of Jatropha curcas L. seeds to storage and aging. Industrial Crops and Products, 44, 684–690. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INDCROP.2012.08.035. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.08.035

Mrda, J., Crnobarac, J., Dušanić, N., Radid́, V., Miladinović, D., Jocić, S., & Miklič, V. (2010). Effect of storage period and chemical treatment on sunflower seed germination. Helia, 33 (53), 199–206. https://doi.org/10.2298/HEL1053199M/MACHINEREADABLECITATION/RIS. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/HEL1053199M

Napiah, A., Surahman, M., & Barlian, J. (2009). Pengaruh Jenis Kemasan dan Tingkat Kemasakan Terhadap Daya Simpan Benih Tanaman Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) [Malakah Seminar]. Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Prihastanti, E. (2010). Perkecambahan Biji dan Pertumbuhan Semai Tanaman Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.). Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi, 18 (1), 49–56. https://doi.org/10.14710/BAF.V18I1.2618.

Purwanti, S. (2020). Kajian suhu ruang simpan terhadap kualitas benih kedelai hitam dan kedelai kuning. Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science), 11 (1), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.22146/IPAS.58601.

Rahayu, E., & Widajati, E. (2007). Pengaruh kemasan, kondisi ruang simpan dan periode simpan terhadap viabilitas benih caisin (Brassica chinensis L.). Indonesian Journal of Agronomy, 35 (3). https://doi.org/10.24831/JAI.V35I3.1330.

Santoso, B. B., & Purwoko, B. S. (2008). Pertumbuhan bibit tanaman jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) pada berbagai kedalaman dan posisi tanam benih. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia, 36 (1), 7871. https://doi.org/10.24831/JAI.V36I1.1357.

Sutakaria. (1984). Penyakit Benih (1st ed.). Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Sutopo, L. (1984). Teknologi Benih (Universitas Brawijaya, Ed.; 1st ed.). CV. Rajawali.

Tiwari, P., Kannojia, P., & Pandey, A. (2012). Jatropha seed borne fungi in the Haryana. I.J.A.B.R, 2 (7), 83–85.

Toba, A. S., Olushola, R. O., & Salako, E. A. (2011). Germinability and seedling vigour of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) seeds inoculated with seed-borne fungi | Request PDF. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(12), 2655–2659. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268265408_Germinability_and_seedling_vigour_of_physic_nut_Jatropha_curcas_L_seeds_inoculated_with_seed-borne_fungi.

Worang, R. L. (Rantje), Dharmaputra, O. S. (Okky), Syarief, R. (Rizal), & Miftahuddin, M. (Miftahuddin). (2008). The quality of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) seeds packed in plastic material during storage. Biotropia, 15 (1), 25–36. https://www.neliti.com/id/publications/63394/. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2008.15.1.3

Downloads

Published

2023-02-15

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023): PERBAL: Jurnal Pertanian Berkelanjutan

Section

Articles

License

In submitting the manuscript to the journal, the authors certify that:

  • They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
  • The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
  • That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
  • That its publication has been approved by all the author(s) and by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
  • They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
  • They agree to the following license and copyright agreement.

License and Copyright Agreement

Authors who publish with Onoma Journal: Education, Languages??, and Literature agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.