Analisis Sifat Fisik Tanah Gambut pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit PTPN 4 Ajamu II Perk. Meranti Paham

Analysis of Physical Properties of Peat Soil on Palm Oil Plantation PTPN 4 Ajamu II Meranti Paham

Authors

  • Suratni Afrianti Universitas Prima Indonesia Medan
  • Rian Gordon Sitorus Universitas Prima Indonesia Medan
  • Edwina Zainal Universitas Bung Hatta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30605/perbal.v11i3.2807

Keywords:

sifat fisik, kelapa sawit, gambut, porositas, partikel density

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan beberapa sifat fisik tanah gambut antara tanah yang belum ditanami kelapa sawit, tanah dengan usia tanam tahun 1999, dan tanah dengan usia tanam tahun 2009. Penelitian dilaksanakan di perkebunan PTPN 4 Ajamu II Perkebunan Meranti Paham, Kecamatan Panai Hulu, Kabupaten Labuhan Batu, Provinsi Sumatera Utara pada bulan Maret 2023. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan metode observasi. Titik pengambilan sampel ditentukan menggunakan metode purposive random sampling. Sampel tanah diambil menggunakan bor belgi dengan kedalaman 20 cm - 40 cm, kemudian dilakukan analisis di laboratorium. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata nilai bulk density tanah yang belum ditanami kelapa sawit adalah 0,15025 g/cm³, yang termasuk dalam kategori kepadatan rendah. Sementara itu, rata-rata nilai bulk density pada tanah dengan usia tanam tahun 2009 adalah 0,17575 g/cm³, juga termasuk dalam kategori kepadatan rendah, dan rata-rata nilai bulk density pada tanah dengan usia tanam tahun 1999 adalah 0,12625 g/cm³, yang juga termasuk dalam kategori kepadatan rendah. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan hasil pengukuran porositas, tanah yang belum ditanami kelapa sawit memiliki nilai porositas sebesar 79,375%, tanah dengan usia tanam tahun 2009 memiliki nilai porositas sebesar 76,5425%, dan tanah dengan usia tanam tahun 1999 memiliki nilai porositas sebesar 74,3%. Penelitian ini juga mengukur partikel density, dengan nilai rata-rata partikel density untuk tanah yang belum ditanami kelapa sawit sebesar 0,7425 g/cm³, nilai rata-rata partikel density untuk tanah dengan usia tanam tahun 2009 sebesar 0,79 g/cm³, dan nilai rata-rata partikel density untuk tanah dengan usia tanam tahun 1999 sebesar 0,517 g/cm³. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penurunan pada partikel density dan porositas tanah pada perkebunan kelapa sawit. Nilai porositas tanah gambut yang diperoleh termasuk dalam kriteria yang sangat baik. Penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman yang lebih dalam tentang karakteristik lahan dan tanah, yang dapat menjadi dasar untuk pengelolaan yang lebih efektif dan berkelanjutan di perkebunan kelapa sawit.

This research aims to analyze the differences in several physical properties of peat soil between unplanted soil, soil with oil palm planting in 1999, and soil with oil palm planting in 2009. The study was conducted in the PTPN 4 Ajamu II Meranti Paham Plantation, Panai Hulu Sub-district, Labuhan Batu Regency, North Sumatra Province on March 2023. The research method used was descriptive research with an observational approach. The sampling points were determined using purposive random sampling method. Soil samples were taken using a belgian auger with a depth of 20 cm - 40 cm, and then analyzed in the laboratory. The analysis results showed that the average bulk density value of unplanted soil was 0.15025 g/cm³, which falls under the category of low density. Meanwhile, the average bulk density value of soil with oil palm planting in 2009 was 0.17575 g/cm³, also falling under the category of low density, and the average bulk density value of soil with oil palm planting in 1999 was 0.12625 g/cm³, also falling under the category of low density. Furthermore, based on the porosity measurements, the unplanted soil had a porosity value of 79.375%, the soil with oil palm planting in 2009 had a porosity value of 76.5425%, and the soil with oil palm planting in 1999 had a porosity value of 74.3%. This research also measured particle density, with an average particle density value of 0.7425 g/cm³ for unplanted soil, 0.79 g/cm³ for soil with oil palm planting in 2009, and 0.517 g/cm³ for soil with oil palm planting in 1999. The results showed a decrease in particle density and soil porosity in the oil palm plantation. The obtained values of peat soil porosity fall within the criteria of excellent quality. This research provides a deeper understanding of land and soil characteristics, which can serve as a basis for more effective and sustainable management in oil palm plantations.

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Published

2023-10-14

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 3 (2023): Perbal: Jurnal Pertanian Berkelanjutan

Section

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