Keanekaragaman Arthropoda pada Pertanaman Padi Organik di Desa Bulo Kecamatan Panca Rijang Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang

Arthropod Diversity in Organic Rice Planting in Bulo Village Panca Rijang District Sidenreng Rappang Regency

Authors

  • Siti Nur Asikin Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang
  • Nining Triani Thamrin Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang
  • Reza Asra Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30605/perbal.v12i3.3874

Keywords:

padi, organik, arthropoda

Abstract

Tanaman padi adalah tanaman sereal yang termasuk dalam suku Poaceae dan merupakan sumber pangan utama bagi lebih dari sebagian besar orang di seluruh dunia. Berdasarkan data BPS produksi padi mengalami penurunan yang signifikan, penyebab terjadinya penurunan tersebut padi diakibatkan karena terdapat beberapa kendala yang ditemui pada saat pembudidayaan padi, salah satunya serangan hama arthropoda yang bersifat merugikan pada pertanaman padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui peran, jumlah, indeks keanekaragaman dan indeks dominansi arthropoda yang terdapat pada tanaman padi lahan organik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Lahan Organik P4S Bukit Melintang, Desa Bulo, Kecamatan Panca Rijang, Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang, dan di Laboratorium Dasar Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang yang dimulai pada bulan Januari sampai April 2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode mutlak dan metode relatif. Pengamatan menggunakan metode mutlak yaitu pengamatan secara langsung dan pengamatan metode relatif  menggunakan 3 perangkap yaitu perangkap jaring (sweep net), perangkap kuning (yellow trap), dan perangkap jatuh (pit fall trap). Pemasangan perangkap dimulai pada saat tanaman padi berumur 2 minggu setelah tanam sampai 10 minggu setelah tanam. Setelah dilakukan penangkapan dam pemasangan perangkap, sampel arthropoda dibawa ke Laboratorium untuk diidentifikasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian peran arthropoda yang terdapat pada pertanaman padi adalah musuh alami, serangga hama, dan serangga netral. Jumlah arthropoda yang tertangkap dengan metode mutlak sebanyak 20 ekor dan arthropoda yang terperangkap pada metode relatif sebanyak 1.676 ekor. Indeks keanekaragaman penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori sedang yaitu 1,39422725 dan indeks dominansi termasuk dalam kategori rendah 0,3595335 karena 0 < C = 0,5 : tidak ada ordo yang mendominasi.

Rice plants are cereal plants belonging to the Poaceae (Gramineae) family and are the main food source for more than the majority of people throughout the world. Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest level of rice consumption in the world. Based on central of statistics data, rice production has experienced a significant decline, the cause of the decline in rice production is due to several obstacles encountered during rice cultivation, one of which is arthropods attacks which are detrimental to rice cultivation. This research aims to determine the role, number, diversity index and dominance index of arthropods found in organic rice plants. This research was carried out at the P4S Bukit Melintang Organic Farm, Bulo Village, Panca Rijang District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, and at the Basic Laboratory of the Faculty of Science and Technology, Muhammadiyah University, Sidenreng Rappang, starting from January to April 2024. This research used absolute methods and methods relatively. Observation of arthropods using the absolute method, namely direct observation and observation using the relative method, uses 3 traps, namely sweep net traps, yellow traps and pit fall traps. The installation of traps begins when the rice plants are 2 weeks after planting until 10 weeks after planting. After catching and installing traps, arthropod samples are taken to the laboratory for identification. Based on research results, the role of arthropods found in rice plantations are natural enemies, insect pests and neutral insects. The number of arthropods caught using the absolute method was 20 and 1,676 arthropods caught using the relative method. The diversity index of this study is included in the medium category, namely 1.39422725 and the dominance index is included in the low category, namely 0.3595335 because 0 < C = 0.5: no genus dominates.

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Published

2024-10-15

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024): Perbal: Jurnal Pertanian Berkelanjutan

Section

Articles

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