Studi Efikasi Beberapa Ekstrak Tanaman untuk Mengendalikan Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera frugiperda)

Efficacy Study of Several Plant Extracts to Control Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)

Authors

  • Basir Basserang Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang
  • Fenny Hasanuddin Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang
  • Rifni Nikmat Syarifuddin Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30605/perbal.v12i3.4395

Keywords:

Ekstrak tanaman, mortalitas, tanaman jagung, Spodoptera frugiferda

Abstract

Jagung merupakan tanaman yang berumur hampir sama dengan tanaman padi (semusim), namun tanaman jagung termasuk tanaman yang tahan terhadap musim kemarau sehingga pada daerah yang curah hujannya rendah sangat cocok. Sulawesi Selatan adalah daerah penghasil jagung yang cukup besar dan bahkan termasuk dalam 10 besar provinsi produsen jagung terbanyak. Berdasarkan data BPS menunjukkan produksi tanaman jagung di Sulawesi Selatan selama kurun waktu 3 tahun terakhir adalah 1.033.341.18 (ton) ditahun 2021, meningkat 1.152.062.70 (ton) ditahun 2022 dan turun menjadi 1.004.274.67 (ton) ditahun 2023. Dari data tersebut menunjukkan produksi jagung mengalami fluktuatif, hal ini dikarenakan terdapat beberapa kendala yang ditemui pada saat budidaya tanaman jagung. Salah satu kendala yang kerap ditemukan di lapangan adalah adanya serangan OPT terjadi pada tanaman jagung sehingga berkurangnya produksi tanaman jagung. Salah satu OPT yang terjadi pada tanaman jagung yaitu ulat grayak (Spodoptera frugiferda). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ekstrak tanaman yang efektif untuk mengendalikan ulat grayak pada tanaman jagung. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan enam perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, dimana perlakuannya adalah penggunaan beberapa jenis ekstrak tanaman. Setiap ulangan menggunakan 10 larva uji. Sehingga total larva uji adalah 180. Perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah: P0 = Tanpa perlakuan (Kontrol), P1 = Pestisida sintetik, P2 = Ekstrak daun pulai, P3 = Ekstrak daun sirsak, P4 = Ekstrak daun pepaya, P5= Ekstrak buah cabai merah, dengan parameter pengamatan yaitu larva berhenti makan (%), mortalitas larva, waktu kematian50. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Ekstrak daun, pulai, sirsak, papaya, dan cabai merah tidak memberikan pengaru nyata terhadap larva berhenti makan. Ekstrak daun, pulai, sirsak, papaya, dan cabai merah memikili pengaru nyata terhadap mortalitas S. Frugiperda dengan konsentrasi yang sama 40% dan Waktu kematian50 (WK50) hanya terdapat pada ekstrak cabai merah dan ekstrak daun pulai dengan waktu yang sama yaitu 120 JSA.

Corn is a plant that is almost the same age as rice plants (annual), but corn plants are plants that are resistant to the dry season so that in areas with low rainfall it is very suitable. South Sulawesi is a fairly large corn-producing area and is even included in the top 10 most corn-producing provinces. Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency, the production of corn crops in South Sulawesi during the last 3 years was 1,033,341.18 (tons) in 2021, an increase of 1,152,062.70 (tons) in 2022 and a decrease to 1,004,274.67 (tons) in 2023. The data shows that corn production fluctuates, this is because there are several obstacles encountered during the cultivation of corn plants. One of the obstacles that is often found in the field is the occurrence of OPT attacks on corn plants so that the production of corn plants decreases. One of the OPT that occurs in corn plants is the armyworm (Spodoptera frugiferda). This study aims to find out which plant extracts are effective in controlling armyworms in corn plants.This study aims to determine which plant extracts are effective in controlling armyworms in corn plants. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments and three replications, where the treatment was the use of several types of plant extracts. Each replication used 10 test larvae. So that the total test larvae were 180. The treatments tried were: P0 = No treatment (Control), P1 = Synthetic pesticide, P2 = Pulai leaf extract, P3 = Soursop leaf extract, P4 = Papaya leaf extract, P5 = Red chili fruit extract, with observation parameters namely larvae stop eating (%), larval mortality, time of death50. The results showed that leaf extracts, pulai, soursop, papaya, and red chili did not have a significant effect on larvae stopping feeding. Leaf extracts, pulai, soursop, papaya, and red chili had a significant effect on S. Frugiperda mortality with the same concentration of 40% and Time of Death50 (WK50) was only found in red chili extract and pulai leaf extract with the same time, namely 120 JSA.

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Published

2024-10-15

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Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024): Perbal: Jurnal Pertanian Berkelanjutan

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