Analisis Teori Belajar dalam Metode Pembelajaran Membaca Braille pada Anak Tunanetra
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30605/jsgp.5.1.2022.1616Keywords:
Anak Tunanetra, Membaca Braille, Teori Belajar, Studi LiteraturAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan hasil identifikasi landasan teori belajar dalam penggunaan metode pembelajaran membaca Braille bagi anak tunanetra. Metode yang digunakan yaitu studi literatur review 8 artikel dengan kata kunci metode, membaca, Braille dan anak tunanetra sebagai kriteria. Analisis data menggunakan meta sintesis dengan pendekatan meta etnografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teori kognitif yang digunakan berupa konstruktivistik untuk mendukung kemampuan abstraksi dalam membentuk konsep huruf Braille melalui pembelajaran berbasis masalah. Pada peningkatan kemampuan baca tulis dilatihkan dengan pendekatan teori behavioristik agar materi tersimpan dalam ingatan jangka panjang dengan adanya reinforcement. Di Indonesia, metode pembelajaran dengan landasan behavioristik menjadi pilihan mayoritas dengan fokus penekanan pada aspek keterampilan taktual. Penggunaan konstruktivistik cenderung terbatas sehingga aspek persepsi spasial belum menjadi prioritas dalam kemampuan pra dan membaca permulaan Braille. Guru perlu memperhatikan prinsip setiap teori pembelajaran sebagai pertimbangan memberikan tindakan sesuai prasyarat persepsi taktual dan spasial untuk meningkatkan keterampilan membaca Braille.
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